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W. L.. EVANS. i R l DEVICE Fon MAKING RING JomTs e- 7,628

MarchV 2 5, 1930.

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W. L." EVANS DEVICE Foa MKING RING Jo1NTs March 25, 1930,

OrigiavL Filed Aug. 25', 1925 W. L. EVANS DEVICE] FOR MAKING RING JOINTSMarch 25, V1930.

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attende? March 25, 1930. w; L' EVANS Re. 17,628

DEvIcE Fon MAKING RING JoINTs Original Filed Aug, 25, 1925 5Sheets-Sheet 4 mi! I l Il!! gnventoz Mf/e nd.

. w. L. EVANS DEVICE FOR MAKING RING JOINTS March 25, 1930.

original Filed Aug. 25, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Reissued Mar. 25, 1930UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DEVICE -FOR MAKING RING JOINTS Original No.1,617,622, dated February 15, 1927, Serial No. 52,445, filed August 25,`1925. Application for reissue filed February 14, 1929. Serial No.339,968.

This invention relates to devices for joining trim, molding, or othermaterial, by what is known as a ring joint. In making this type ofjoint, after the pieces to be joined are cut in the proper form,channels or grooves are cut in their rear faces in such a manner as toform a continuous circular channel when the pieces are properly joined.While the pieces are clamped in this position, a ring is forced intothis channel, and

this ring is of such size and shape that it will exert a forcefulgripping action against the inner wall of the channel and hold the jointtightly together.

Important objects of the invention are to provide improved means forclamping the pieces while the channel is being cut, to provide improvedmeans forA cutting said channel, and to provide improved means forexpanding the ring and forcing it with great pressure over the circularboss defined by the channel, thus forming a joint that is held togetherwith great pressure, so that it will not open even when there isconsiderable shrinkage in the wood itself. The efficacy of the joint isalso increased by an improvement in the formation of the ring itself.

The specific construction of one embodiment of the invention is fullyshown in the accompanying drawings, and the advantages thereof will bespecifically explained in connection therewith.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section thereof.

Figure 3 is a front elevation with parts shown in section.

Figure 4 is a rear elevation with the motor removed.

Figure 5 is a plan view.

Figure 6 is a horizontal section taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 2.

Figure 7 is a horizontal section taken on the line 7 7 of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is a horizontal section taken just above the pedal mechanism.

Figure 9 is ardetail view of one form of ring.`

Figure 10 is a detail View of another form 7'* of ring. y

Figure 11 is a view showing a completed joint.

Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the cutter head detached.

The machine for making the ring joints comprises a main frame 1, in theform of a rectangular housing with a work table 2 at its upper end.Mounted for slidable adjustment of this table is a gage bracket 3, theform of which will depend upon the character of the joint to be formed.In the present instance, I have shown a bracket used for making cornerjoints, and having a right angular seat 4 against which rest the ends ofthe two pieces to be joined. A dog 5 is pivotally mounted on one side ofthe bracket, and is yieldably held by a spring 6, so that a notch 7,formed at its inner end, engages a stud 8 which is adjustably mounted ina slot 9 formed longitudinally of the table. It is preferred to use twoof these studs when joining wide pieces, so that two rings may be usedon each joint.

A vertical bar 10 is slidably mounted at the rear side of the frame 1 inguideways 11 and 12, and is formed with an overhanging head 13, in whicha ram 14 is adjustably mounted. This ram is used for clamping the workwhilethe channel is being cut, as well as for forcing the ring into thechannel for completing the joint. The head 13 is normally held in raisedposition by a strong coil spring 15, which is connected at its upper endto a flange 16 at the rear end of the table by means of an eye bolt 17,and is connected at its lower end to a stud 18 project-ing from thelower end of the bar 10.

The intermediate portion of the frame 1 isformed with an oil reservoir19, within which the power-operated mechanism operates. A verticalcutter shaft 20 is mounted for rotatable and rectilinear movement in abearing 21, which contains suitable packing to prevent escape of theoil. The upper 'portion of the cutter shaft is mounted in a bearing 22,at the lower sidev of a housing 23 secured underneath the table. Acutter head 24, secured to the upper end of the shaft 20, is formed froma cylindrical steel barrel, and is provided with opposed drag teeth 25adapted to cutfthe channel, and

vspurs 26 and 27, slightly longer than the drag teeth,y for cutting theouter and inner sides, respectively, `of they channel.' A flat ring 28is adapted to rest on a shoulder 29, and is provided with an openingjust large enough for the cutter head to pass through, so that the work30 may be firmly supported. A. fan 31 is secured to the cutter shaft 20within the housing 23, and blows the shavings `out through an opening 32formed in the side of the housing.

The mechanism for drawing the head 13 downwardly to clampthe work on thetable 2 comprises a pedal 33, located at the leftl handl side of themachine, and connected intermediately by a pivot stud 34 to the lowerend of a link 35. The upper end of this link is pivotally connected at36 to the bar 10. The rear end of the pedal 33 is pivoted on a stud 37,which rprojects from an intermediate point of a lever 33through anarcuate slot 39 in the left-hand side of the frame. The rearA end of thelever 38 is pivoted at 40 to the frame, and its front end projectsforwardly through the front side of the frame, and is pivotallyconnected at 41 to the lower endof a vertical rod 42.y This rod isguided for vertical movement in guide members 43 and 44 secured to thefront side of the frame. A stop 45, adjustably secured to the rod, en#gages the guide -f member 44 to limit the downward movement of the rod,while an eXpansile coil spring 46, acting` between the guide member 44and a collar 47 adjustably secured to the rod, normally holds the latterin its lowermost position.` f

l/Vhen operating the machine to cut the circular channel, the pieces tobe joined are placed in the properl position against the seat 4, and thepedal 33 is depressed. The first result of the depression of the pedal33 is to draw the heady 13 downwardly through the medium of the link 35against the tension'of the spring 15 until thefwork is clamped beneaththe ram 14. During this movement, the pivot 37 forms the fulcrum aboutwhich the pedal 33 moves. lVhen the work is thus clamped 'and the head-13 can not move downwardly any farther, in creased pressure on thepedal 33 causesthe latter to rock about the pivot 34 as a fulcrum, andto swing the lever 38 upwardly about the ypivot 4() as a fulcrum,raising the rod 42. A lug 48 on the lever 38 then engages the lower endof the cutter shaft 20, and raises the cutter into engagement with thework 30. The cutter is constantly rotated, by means hereinafterdescribed, and cutsa circular channel, the depth of which is limited bythe engagement of the4 up- 'per end of the rod 42 with a gage block 49adjustably mounted on a threaded spindle 50, which extends downwardlyfrom the table 2.

The cutter shaft 20 is driven by means of a pulley 51 secured to itslower end, and connected by a belt 52 to a pulley 53 ses cured to the`shaft of a motor 54, which is supported on bolts 55 projecting from therear side ofthe frame. These bolts are mounted for longitudinaladjustment so as to adjust the tension of the belt- 52, and the pulley51 is long enough to allow for kthe vertical movement of the cuttershaft without causing the belt to run o.

A. power shaft 56 is mounted transversely in bearings 57 to rotatewithin the oil reser-' voir 19, 'and has a worm gear 58 keyed thereon,which is driven in' a clockwise direction, as viewed in` Figurer2, byalefthand worin 59 secured to the cutter shaft 20. The bearings 57 aresupported in side plates 60, which are securely bolted to the sides ofthe` frame tov cover openingsl 61', which lare provided for. conveniencein assembling the mechanism. Suitable gaskets are providedy beneath theside plates to prevent leakagel of oil from the reservoir 19, and oilholes 57a are provided to insure perfect lubrication of the bearings. jl

The shaft 56 and worm gear .53 rotate idly during the operation ofcutting the circular channel, but are operatively connected to the bar10, lso as to force the head 13 and ram 14 downwardly .with greatpressure when the ring is being forced into the channel to complete thejoint. The `mechanism for effecting this connection will now bedescribed. A dog 62 is pivotally mounted at 63 on an arm 64, whichprojects forwardly fromv thebar 10; This dog terminates in a fiat nose65 above which is a notch 66. This notch, when the dogl is moved intoproper position, is adapted to be engaged by a crank 56a formed on theshaft 56, andfto be drawn downwardly thereby. The dog 62 is formed witha rearwardly projectingarm 67, the rear end of which is pivotally connected, as at 68, to the upper end of a link 69,which extends downwardlyat the righthand side of the frame, and at its lower end is pivotallyconnected, as at 70,` to a pedal 71. The rear end of the pedal 71 isfulcrumed at 72-on thefframe, and the pedal is normally held u by a coilspring 73 attached to the side of the frame. f

After the channel has been cut in the work 30 the latter is turned over,tothe posi tionfshownin Figure 3.` The pedal 71 is then depressed toswing the dog 62 forwards ly about its pivot l63. This causes the crank56a first to engage thenose 65 and, in conjunction with the. pressureexerted onA the dog by the action of the pedal, draws the headdownwardly`until resistance is: `encountered. The crank will thenhave-ridden into the notch 66 and will forcibly engage the outer side 74thereof. This outer side 74 is cut at such an angle that the crank 56aapproaches it very nearly at right angles. A comparatively lightpressure on the pedal 71, therefore, will hold the dog in engagementwith the crank '56a until the latter eX- erts a very powerful pressuredownwardly on the dog to force the ram v14 downwardly with tremendousforce. The side 74, however, has a very slight outward inclination, sothat when a certain pressure is reached which, of course, isproportional tothe pressure exerted on the pedal 71, the dog 62 isthrown outwardly and the crank 56a rides out of the notch, releasing thebar 10, and permitting it to move upwardly under the influence of thespring 15.

In cutting the circular channel in the worlr 30, the latter is clampedto the table by the engagement of the rim of the ram 14 with the frontface of the work. After the channel has been cut, and the work placed inthe osition shown in Figure 3, a

. steel block 7 5 is placed thereon, which is in the shape of a frustumof a cone, with its base of slightly less diameter than that of the bossformed within the circular channel. A ring 76 of steel is placed overthe smaller end of the block 75. This ring may be of the shape shown inFigures 9 and 11, having a plurality of opposed straight sides 77 connnected by arcuate portions 78. As the ramv 14 is forced downwardly, theedge of its rim engages the ring, and forces it downwardly into thecircular channel which has been formed in the wood. During thisoperation, the mid-points of the sides 77 are forced outwardly, causingthe sides to assume substantially an arcuate shape, while the arcuateportions 7 8 are elongated, and their inidpoints are drawn inwardly. Thegreater the pressure, the more nearly the ring approaches to a truecircle. The ring is made strong and of heavy gage, and its total insideperimeter is scarcely more than the inside perimeter of the channel, sothat a tremendous pressure is required to force the ring into position,and the tendency of the ring to resume its original shape causes thejoint to be held tightly together with enor mous pressure.

The ring may be made in different shapes as, for example, that shown at7 6a in Figure Y' 10, which is substantially in the form of a polygon,having a plurality of substantially straight sides 79. In applying sucha ring to the joint, the midpoints of the sides 79 are forced outwardly,so that the sides assume substantially an arcuate form, and the corners8O are drawn inwardly, and the ring approaches more nearly to a circularshape as it is forced downwardly over the larger end of the block 75.

As explained above, the trim, or other material, to be joined is placedin position beneath the ram 14, and a depression of the A pedal 33 firstcauses the trim to be clamped on the table, and then causes the cutterto rise into contact with the under surface of the trim. The tension ofthe spring 15 may be adjusted with respect to the tension of the spring46, so that the work will be clamped with the desired force before thecutter is raised. The stop 49 may be adjusted to determine the depth towhich the circular chanferent type and sizes of attachments may be usedwith the machine, depending upon the nature of the work to be`performed. In joining molded trim, a Babbitt metal form is fitted to itsface, so that it will rest solidly on the table while the ring is beingapplied. In connect-ing long pieces, trestles may be provided forsupportingr their free ends. While I have shown and describedspecifically one form in which the invention may be embodied, it is tobe understood that various modiiications may be made in the structureand arrangement of the various parts without any material departure fromthe es sential features thereof as defined in the appended claims.

Vhat is claimed is:

1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a table, avertically movable bar having a head overhanging the table, a pedalhaving a connection with said bar to move the latter downwardly whensaid pedal is depressed, a power-driven shaft, means for temporarilyconnecting said shaft to the bar to forcibly urge the latter downwardly,a second pedal, and means connecting the same to said first-mentionedmeans to establish the temporary connection between the shaft and thebar when said second pedal is depressed.

In a machine of the class described, the

combination of a table, a vertically movable bar having a headoverhanging the table, a pedal having a connection with said bar to movethe latter downwardly when said pedal is depressed, a power driven shafthaving a crank, a dog pivotally connected to said bar and having a notchtherein, said dog being so arranged that it may be swung to bring thenotch into position to be engaged by the crank on the downward portionof its move ment, a second pedal, and means connecting 3. In a machineof the classy described, combinationof a table, a vertically movable barhaving' a head overhanging the table, an

actuating member having a connection with said bar to move` the latterdownwardly to clamp the work when said member is de pressed, aconstantly driven shafthaving a cutter secured thereon,.means operableupon further depression of said member toinove the shaft so that thecutter will operate on thework, afsecond shaft constantly driven by thecutter shaft, means for temporarily connecting said second shaft to thebar to Aforcibly urge the latterr downwardly, a second actuating member,and means connecting the saine to said first-mentioned means toestablish the` temporary connection between said second shaft andthe barwhen said second actuating' member is depressed.

4. In a machine of the class described, the combination ofa table, avertically movable bar having a head overhanging the table, a pedalhaving a connection withsaid rbar to move the, latter downwardly toclamp the work when the pedal is depressed, a constantly driven shafthaving acutter secured thereto, means operable upon further depression`of the pedal to move said shaft so that the cutter'may operate on thework, a second shaft having a crank, means for driving said secondshaft, a dog pivotally connected to said bar and having a notch therein,said dog being so arranged that it may be swung to bring the notch intoposition to be engaged by the crank on the downward portion of itsmovement, asecond pedal, and means connecting the same to the dog toestablish the connection between the'latter and the crank so as toforcibly urge the bar downwardly.

5. In a machineof the class described, the combination of a table, avertically movable bar having a head overhanging the table, apowendriven shaft having a crank, amember connected to said bar andnormally out of the path of the crank, and means for shifting saidmember into the path of the crank so as to be engaged thereby toforcibly inove the bar and head downwardly.

6.In a machine of the class described, the combination of a table, avertically movable bar having a head overhanging the table, a powerdriven shaft having a crank, an actuating member, means actuated by thedepression of said member for connecting the crank to the bar to exert adownward force on the latter which is directly proportional tothe forcewith which said actuating member is depressed.

M `7. In a machine of the class described, the combination of avertically movablemember, a link connected at itsfupper end to saidmember,a pedal intermediately pivoted to the lower end of the link, alever fulcrumed at one end and intermediately `pivoted to the rear endof saidv pedal, a second vertically movable memberv in the path of saidlever so as to be raised thereby, and resilient means resisting themovement of said lever, whereby-the first of said members is actuated bythe-.link with a `predetermined force before the lever begins to move.

8. In a machine of the 'class described, the combination of a member'mounted for rectilinear movement, a.. link connected at one end to saidmember, an actuating member intermediately pivotedl to the other, end ofthe link, ay lever fulcrumed at oner end and intermediately pivoted tothe rear end of said actuating member, a. second rectilinearly movablemember in the path of said lever so as to be moved thereby, andresilient means resisting the movement of said lever, whereby the firstrectilinearly movable meme beris actuated by the link with apredetermined foi'ce before the lever begins to move.

9. A ring joint machine comprising, in combination, a work table;` avertically mov able ram member above the table; a foot pedal operativelyconnected to said ram member to move the latter downwardly when saidpedal is depressed; a Vpower driven shaft; means for temporarilyrconnecting said shaft to forcibly urge the ram downwardly; a secondpedal; and means connecting said second pedal to said first-mentionedmeans to estab'- lish the temporary connection between the shaft and theram member when said second pedal is depressed. y

.10. A ring joint machine comprising, in combination, a work table; avertically movable bar supported above said table; an actuating inemberhaving a connection with said bar to move the latter downwardly to clampthe work when said member is depressed; a constantly driven shaft havinga cutter secured thereon; means operable upon further depression of saidmember to move the shaft so that the cutter will operate on the work; asecond shaft constantly driven by the cutter shaft; means fortemporarily connecting said second shaft forcibly to urge the bardownwardly; a second actuating member; and means connecting the same tothe first-mentioned means to establish the temporary conn nection`between said second shaft and the bar whenv said second actuatingmember is depressed.

11. A ring joint machine comprising, in combination, a work table avertically movable bar above said table; power driven shaft having acrank; a member pivotally connected to said bar `and normally out of thepath of the crank; and a lever connected to 'said member and arranged toshift it into the path of the crank so as to be engaged thereby toforcibly urge the bar downwardly.

' 12. A ring Joint machine comprising, in

Sli

combination; a work table; a vertically movable bar above the worktable; a power driven shaft having a crank; an actuating member for thebar; a pivoted latch on the bar actuated by the depression of saidmember operatively connecting the crank to the bar, whereby to force thebar downwardly.

13. In a ring joint machine; a Work table; avertically movable cuttershaft having a cutter thereon adapted to cut a ring-receiving channel inthe work; a foot pedal operatively connected to the shaft to manipulatethe cutter; a ram above the table operatively connected to said pedaladapted to engage a ring and force it on the boss provided by saidchannel after the parts have been properly positioned; and ram operatingmeans connected to said cutter shaft to exert final assembling pressureon the ring.

14:. In a ring joint machine, a work table; a vertically movable cuttershaft having a cutter thereon adapted to cut a ring-receiving channel inthe work; a foot pedal operatively connected to the shaft to manipulatethe cutter; a ram above the table and having means arranged to clamp thework while the cutter is operating to engage a ringand force it on theboss provided by said channel when the parts are properly positioned;speed reduction gearing connected to said cutter shaft; and ramoperating means operatively connected to said speed reduction gearing toexert filial ring assembling pressure.

15. In a ring joint machine, a work table; a vertically movable cuttershaft having a cutter thereon adapted to cut a ring-receiv ing channelin the work; a foot pedal operatively connected to the shaft tomanipulate the cutter; a ram above the table having means to engage aring and force it on the boss provided by said channel when the work andparts are properly positioned; manual means connected initially to forcethe ram into engagement with a ring; and power operating means connectedto said cutter shaft to exert final assembling pressure on the ring.

16. In a ring joint machine, a work table; a vertically movable cuttershaft having a cutter thereon adapted to cut a ring-receiving channel inthe Work; a foot pedal operatively connected to the shaft to manipulatethe cutter; a ram above the table having means to engage a ring andforce it on the boss provided by said channel when the work and partsare properly positioned; a worm on the cutter shaft; a worm Wheelmeshing with the worm; a worm wheel shaft having a crank; and meansoperatively connecting the crank to said ram to exert assemblingpressure on the ring.

17. In a ring joint machine; a work table; a vertically movable cuttershaft having a cutter thereon adapted to cut a ring-receiving channel inthe work; a foot pedal operatively connected to the shaft to manipulatethe cutter; a ram above the table having means to engage a ring andforce it on the boss provided by said channel when the Work and partsare properly positioned; lever means connected to initiate the ringassembling movement of the ram; a worm on the cutter shaft; a worm wheelmeshing with the work; a worm wheel shaft having a crank; a pivotedmember operatively connecting the crank to said ram to exert assemblingpressure on the ring; and manual actuating means connected to saidpivoted member initially to operate the ram and then to shift the finaloperation to said crank.

18. In a ring joint machine of the character described, a rotary cutteradapted to cut a ring-receiving' channel in the work; a ram having meansfor forcibly applying a ring to the boss provided by the channel whenthe parts are properly positioned; llever means connected to initiatethe ring assembling movement of the ram; a cutter shaft; and powerconnections between said cutter shaft and said ram to apply finalassembling pressure on the ring.

19. A ring joint machine comprising, in

combination; a Work table; a rotary cutterV mounted to be moved into andout of engagement with the work and adapted to form a boss thereon; aram above the table having means to force a ring on said boss when theparts are properly positioned; and operating connections between saidram and the source of power for driving the cutter.

20. A ring joint machine comprising in combination; a work table; acutter shaft; a cutter on the shaft adapted to cut a ring-receivingchannel in the work; a ram above the table having means to force a ringon the boss provided by the channel when the parts are properlypositioned; al crank driven by the cutter shaft; and means operativelyconnecting the ram tothe crank to exert final assembing pressure on thering.

21. A ring joint machine comprising, in combination, a work supportingtable; a power driven cutter for forming a boss on the work; a ram abovethe table having means to force a ring on the boss after the parts areproperly positioned; and means operatively connecting the ram to thesource of power for the cutter to exert assembling pressure on the ring.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereuntoaflixed my signature. A

WILLIAM L. EVANS.

